Wireless networks are accessible to anyone within the router’s transmission radius. This makes them vulnerable to attacks. Hotspots are available in public places such as airports, restaurants, parks, etc.
A Wi-Fi hacking software is a software program that will primarily enable you to crack Wi-Fi password of a nearby network. These software programs are designed to work for WPA, WPA2 and WEP. Some of them are open-source applications and work as good network analyzer as well as packet sniffer. Mar 19, 2018 Design flaws in many routers can allow hackers to steal Wi-Fi credentials, even if WPA or WPA2 encryption is used with a strong password. While this tactic used to take up to 8 hours, the newer WPS Pixie-Dust attack can crack networks in seconds. To do this, a modern wireless attack framework called Airgeddon is used to find vulnerable networks, and then Bully is used to crack them.
In this tutorial, we will introduce you to common techniques used to exploit weaknesses in wireless network security implementations. We will also look at some of the countermeasures you can put in place to protect against such attacks.
Jul 25, 2017 Crack WPA/WPA2 Wi-Fi Routers with Airodump-ng and Aircrack-ng/Hashcat. This is a brief walk-through tutorial that illustrates how to crack Wi-Fi networks that are s ecured using weak passwords. Linux's wpasupplicant v2.6 is also vulnerable to the installation of an all-zero encryption key in the 4-way handshake. This was discovered by John A. As a result, all Android versions higher than 6.0 are also affected by the attack, and hence can. Nov 25, 2015 Steps to Hack WiFi WPA/WPA2 Security – WIFIPHISHER. Here is the method to hack wifi WPA/WPA2 security using WIFIPHISHER. There are many hacking tools that are available on the Internet that can hack a secure Wi-Fi network but this tool is published by George Chatzisofroniou that automates the multiple Wi-Fi hacking techniques and make it slightly different from all others.
Topics covered in this tutorial
What is a wireless network?
A wireless network is a network that uses radio waves to link computers and other devices together. The implementation is done at the Layer 1 (physical layer) of the OSI model.
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How to access a wireless network?
You will need a wireless network enabled device such as a laptop, tablet, smartphones, etc. You will also need to be within the transmission radius of a wireless network access point. Most devices (if the wireless network option is turned on) will provide you with a list of available networks. If the network is not password protected, then you just have to click on connect. If it is password protected, then you will need the password to gain access.
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Wireless Network Authentication
Since the network is easily accessible to everyone with a wireless network enabled device, most networks are password protected. Let’s look at some of the most commonly used authentication techniques.
WEP
WEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It was developed for IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards. Its goal was to provide the privacy equivalent to that provided by wired networks. WEP works by encrypting the data been transmitted over the network to keep it safe from eavesdropping.
WEP Authentication
Open System Authentication (OSA) – this methods grants access to station authentication requested based on the configured access policy.
Shared Key Authentication (SKA) – This method sends to an encrypted challenge to the station requesting access. The station encrypts the challenge with its key then responds. If the encrypted challenge matches the AP value, then access is granted.
WEP Weakness
WEP has significant design flaws and vulnerabilities.
- The integrity of the packets is checked using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC32). CRC32 integrity check can be compromised by capturing at least two packets. The bits in the encrypted stream and the checksum can be modified by the attacker so that the packet is accepted by the authentication system. This leads to unauthorized access to the network.
- WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm to create stream ciphers. The stream cipher input is made up of an initial value (IV) and a secret key. The length of the initial value (IV) is 24 bits long while the secret key can either be 40 bits or 104 bits long. The total length of both the initial value and secret can either be 64 bits or 128 bits long.The lower possible value of the secret key makes it easy to crack it.
- Weak Initial values combinations do not encrypt sufficiently. This makes them vulnerable to attacks.
- WEP is based on passwords; this makes it vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
- Keys management is poorly implemented. Changing keys especially on large networks is challenging. WEP does not provide a centralized key management system.
- The Initial values can be reused
Because of these security flaws, WEP has been deprecated in favor of WPA
WPA
WPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is a security protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance in response to the weaknesses found in WEP. It is used to encrypt data on 802.11 WLANs. It uses higher Initial Values 48 bits instead of the 24 bits that WEP uses. It uses temporal keys to encrypt packets.
WPA Weaknesses
- The collision avoidance implementation can be broken
- It is vulnerable to denial of service attacks
- Pre-shares keys use passphrases. Weak passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks.
How to Crack Wireless Networks
WEP cracking
Cracking is the process of exploiting security weaknesses in wireless networks and gaining unauthorized access. WEP cracking refers to exploits on networks that use WEP to implement security controls. There are basically two types of cracks namely;
- Passive cracking– this type of cracking has no effect on the network traffic until the WEP security has been cracked. It is difficult to detect.
- Active cracking– this type of attack has an increased load effect on the network traffic. It is easy to detect compared to passive cracking. It is more effective compared to passive cracking.
WEP Cracking Tools
- Aircrack– network sniffer and WEP cracker. Can be downloaded from http://www.aircrack-ng.org/
- WEPCrack– this is an open source program for breaking 802.11 WEP secret keys. It is an implementation of the FMS attack. http://wepcrack.sourceforge.net/
- Kismet- this can include detector wireless networks both visible and hidden, sniffer packets and detect intrusions. https://www.kismetwireless.net/
- WebDecrypt– this tool uses active dictionary attacks to crack the WEP keys. It has its own key generator and implements packet filters. http://wepdecrypt.sourceforge.net/
WPA Cracking
WPA uses a 256 pre-shared key or passphrase for authentications. Short passphrases are vulnerable to dictionary attacks and other attacks that can be used to crack passwords. The following tools can be used to crack WPA keys.
- CowPatty– this tool is used to crack pre-shared keys (PSK) using brute force attack. http://wirelessdefence.org/Contents/coWPAttyMain.htm
- Cain & Abel– this tool can be used to decode capture files from other sniffing programs such as Wireshark. The capture files may contain WEP or WPA-PSK encoded frames. https://www.softpedia.com/get/Security/Decrypting-Decoding/Cain-and-Abel.shtml
General Attack types
- Sniffing– this involves intercepting packets as they are transmitted over a network. The captured data can then be decoded using tools such as Cain & Abel.
- Man in the Middle (MITM) Attack– this involves eavesdropping on a network and capturing sensitive information.
- Denial of Service Attack– the main intent of this attack is to deny legitimate users network resources. FataJack can be used to perform this type of attack. More on this in article
Cracking Wireless network WEP/WPA keys
It is possible to crack the WEP/WPA keys used to gain access to a wireless network. Doing so requires software and hardware resources, and patience. The success of such attacks can also depend on how active and inactive the users of the target network are.
We will provide you with basic information that can help you get started. Backtrack is a Linux-based security operating system. It is developed on top of Ubuntu. Backtrack comes with a number of security tools. Backtrack can be used to gather information, assess vulnerabilities and perform exploits among other things.
Some of the popular tools that backtrack has includes;
- Metasploit
- Wireshark
- Aircrack-ng
- NMap
- Ophcrack
Cracking wireless network keys requires patience and resources mentioned above. At a minimum, you will need the following tools
A wireless network adapter with the capability to inject packets (Hardware)
- Kali Operating System. You can download it from here https://www.kali.org/downloads/
- Be within the target network’s radius. If the users of the target network are actively using and connecting to it, then your chances of cracking it will be significantly improved.
- Sufficient knowledge of Linux based operating systems and working knowledge of Aircrack and its various scripts.
- Patience, cracking the keys may take a bit of sometime depending on a number of factors some of which may be beyond your control. Factors beyond your control include users of the target network using it actively as you sniff data packets.
How to Secure wireless networks
In minimizing wireless network attacks; an organization can adopt the following policies
- Changing default passwords that come with the hardware
- Enabling the authentication mechanism
- Access to the network can be restricted by allowing only registered MAC addresses.
- Use of strong WEP and WPA-PSK keys, a combination of symbols, number and characters reduce the chance of the keys been cracking using dictionary and brute force attacks.
- Firewall Software can also help reduce unauthorized access.
Hacking Activity: Crack Wireless Password
In this practical scenario, we are going touse Cain and Abel to decode the stored wireless network passwords in Windows. We will also provide useful information that can be used to crack the WEP and WPA keys of wireless networks.
Decoding Wireless network passwords stored in Windows
- Download Cain & Abel from the link provided above.
- Open Cain and Abel
- Ensure that the Decoders tab is selected then click on Wireless Passwords from the navigation menu on the left-hand side
- Click on the button with a plus sign
- Assuming you have connected to a secured wireless network before, you will get results similar to the ones shown below
- The decoder will show you the encryption type, SSID and the password that was used.
Summary
- Wireless network transmission waves can be seen by outsiders, this possesses many security risks.
- WEP is the acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy. It has security flaws which make it easier to break compared to other security implementations.
- WPA is the acronym for Wi-Fi Protected Access. It has security compared to WEP
- Intrusion Detection Systems can help detect unauthorized access
- A good security policy can help protect a network.
Step By Step Hack WPA/WPA2 Wi Fi Passwords Using Aircrack Ng
In this tutorial I will tell you how to crack wpa/wpa2 wi-fi in kali linux using aircrack-ng. To do this, first you should install kalinux or you can use live kali linux.
To crack Wi-Fi, first, you need a computer with kali linux and a wireless card which supports monitor/injection mode. If your wireless card is not able to do this, you need to get an external wireless card which is capable of monitor/injection mode.
Apart from these tools, you need to have a word-list to crack the password from the captured packets.
First you need to understand how Wi-Fi works. Wi-Fi transmits signal in the form of packets in air so we need to capture all the packets in air so we use airodump to dump all the packets in air .After that we should see that if any one is connected to the victim Wi-Fi. If anyone is not connected the Wi-Fi, cracking is not possible as we need a wpa handshake. We can capture handshake by sending deauthentication packets to client connected to Wi-Fi. Aircrack cracks the password.
Step-1:-
First open terminal. We need to know the name of the wireless adapter connected to the computer because computer has many adapters connected.
command for this is : iwconfig
In my case, my wireless adapter is with the name wlan0. In your case, it may be different. If connected to an external wireless card, it may be wlan1or2.
Step-2:-
For some wireless cards, it gives error messages to enable monitor mode on wireless cards. For that, you should use airmon-ng check kill.
Step-3:-
In this step, you need to enable the monitor mode on the wireless card. The command is as follows:
airmon-ng start wlan0 (interface of wireless card).
Now this command will enable the monitor mode on the wifi card. So while using interface in any terminal or command line use wlan0mon.
Note : You should use the interface which is indicated with red mark.
Step-4:-
We need to use the command airodump-ng wlan0mon, this will display all the access points in your surroundings and also the clients connected to that access points.
Now this command captures the packets in the air. This will gather data from the wireless packets in the air.
Note : Do not close this terminal. This will be used to know wpa has been captured or not.
Step-5:-
In this step we will add some parameters to airodump-ng.
command is : airodump-ng -c channel –bssid [bssid of wifi] -w [path to write the data of packets] wlan0mon[interface].
- bssid − in my case bssid is indicated with red mark.
- c − channel is the channel of victim wifi in my case it is 10(see in previous screenshot for channel number).
- w − It is used to write the captured data to a specified path in my case it is ‘/root/Desktop/hack’
Interface in my case is wlan0mon.
In the above command the path /root/Desktop/hack hack is the name of the file to be saved.
Above command displays this terminal.
Step-6:-
In this step we deauthenticate the connected clients to the Wi-Fi.
The command is aireplay-ng –deauth 10 -a [router bssid] interface
In the above command it is optional to give the client mac address it is given by
This will disconnects the client from access point.
Screen shot of a client connected to access point.
After this the client tries to connect to the Wi-Fi again. At that time, we will capture the packets which sends from client. From this result, we will get wpa handshake.
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Step-7:-
Now we should start cracking the Wi-Fi with captured packets command for this is
path to word list in my case it is ‘/root/Desktop/wordlist.txt’
If you did not have word list, get one. If you want to generate your custom wordlist, you can visit our other post: How generate word list using crunch.
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Now press enter aircrack will start cracking the Wi-Fi.